FreeBSD

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FreeBSD是一个由UNIX的分支BSD经过386BSD和4. 4BSD发展而来的类UNIX操作系统。它运行在于Intel的x86系列兼容的处理器上，也可运行在DEC的Alpha处理器、Sun的UltraSPARC处理器、Intel的64位Itanium处理器和AMD的64位处理器上。针对PowerPC的支持正在开发中，并已相当可用。它被普遍认为是相当可靠和健壮的。苹果电脑的Mac OS X即以FreeBSD为基础。

历史与发展

FreeBSD最初的开发始于1993年，从386BSD的源码开始的。然而，由于386BSD源代码的法律问题，FreeBSD基于加州大学伯克利分校的4.4BSD-Lite的代码重写了系统的许多部分，并在1995年1月发布了FreeBSD 2.0。FreeBSD手册包含更多关于FreeBSD起源和历史的信息。

FreeBSD的开发组同时维护两个开发分支：一个-STABLE（稳定）分支和一个-CURRENT分支。-STABLE分支被认为具有生产质量，可以用于各种关键的场合。该分支每4－6个月产生一个发行版本，最新的－STABLE分支的发行版是FreeBSD 4.10-RELEASE。-CURRENT分支主要包含正在积极开发的新特性，但可能有潜在的不稳定性，只建议开发者和希望体验新特性的用户使用，不建议用于关键场合。-CURRENT分支最新的发行版是FreeBSD 5.2.1-RELEASE。当前，FreeBSD的-CURRENT（5.x）正在成为新的-STABLE分支的过程中，而一个全新的6.x-CURRENT分支正在产生。预计2004年10月，5.x将正式成为-STABLE分支。

FreeBSD 5 includes a number of new features, including many that are security related. The TrustedBSD project was formed for the express purpose of adding trusted operating system functionality to the FreeBSD operating system. An extensible mandatory access control framework (the TrustedBSD MAC Framework), filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs) and the new UFS2 filesystem all came from TrustedBSD. Some of the TrustedBSD functionality has been integrated into the NetBSD and OpenBSD operating systems as well. FreeBSD 5 also has support for encrypted filesystems, through the GDBE system written by Poul-Henning Kamp. [1]

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Ports系统

The FreeBSD ports system provides a consistent way of installing software ported to FreeBSD. It uses Makefiles laid out in a directory hierarchy, so software can be deinstalled and installed with the make command.

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许可协议

FreeBSD is released under the BSD License, which allows everyone to use and redistribute FreeBSD as they wish, as long as they do not remove the copyright notice and the BSD license itself (which does not prohibit re-distribution under another license).

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