马里兰州
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State nickname: Old Line State; Free State | |||||
| Image:Map of USA highlighting Maryland.png
Other U.S. States | |||||
| Image:MD Map 200X150.jpg | |||||
| Capital | Annapolis | ||||
| Largest City | Baltimore | ||||
| Area - Total - Land - Water - % water |
Ranked 42nd | ||||
| Population
- Density |
Ranked 17th
165/km² | ||||
| Admittance into Union
- Date | 7th | ||||
| Time zone | |||||
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Latitude |
37°53'N to 39°43'N | ||||
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Width |
145 km | ||||
| ISO 3166-2: | US-MD | ||||
马里兰州 是美国的一个州。她的邮政缩写是MD。
目录 |
History
The English colony of Maryland was founded by Lord Baltimore who on March 25, 1634 led the first settlers into this area which would soon become one of the few dominantly Catholic regions among the English colonies in America. The Maryland toleration act was one of the first laws that explicitly tolerated varieties of religion (as long as it was Christian), and is sometimes seen as a precursor to the First Amendment.
Originally, based on an incorrect map, the royal charter granted Maryland the Potomac River and territory northward to the fortieth parallel. This was found to be a problem, because the northern boundary would put Philadelphia, the major city in Pennsylvania, within Maryland. The Calvert family, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania, engaged two surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, to survey what became known as the Mason-Dixon line which would form the boundary between their two colonies.
St. Marie's City was the largest site of the original Maryland colony, and was the seat of state government until just before the beginning of the 18th century (when the government was moved to Annapolis). The government was moved at about the same time as the persecution of Maryland Catholics by Puritans from Virginia; during the persecutions, all of the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland were burned down. St Marie's City is now an archaelogical site, with a small tourist center.
Maryland was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. See: Annapolis Convention.
Maryland remained largely neutral in the United States Civil War. As it did not secede (in part due to precautions taken by the government in Washington, D.C.), it was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation and retained legal slavery for some years after the Civil War.
Law and Government
As in all fifty states, the head of the executive branch of government is a Governor. The legislative branch is called the General Assembly, and consists of a 47-member Senate and a 141-member House of Delegates. See:List of Maryland Governors
Geography
See: List of Maryland counties
Maryland is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania, on the west by West Virginia, on the east by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south, across the Potomac River, by Virginia. Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state, and the counties east of the Bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore.
- Physical formations
Economy
- Federal Agencies
- National Archives (Lanham facility)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
- National Security Agency (NSA)
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC)
Military Facilities
- Aberdeen Proving Ground
- Andrews Air Force Base
- Bethesda Naval Medical Center
- Fort Meade
- Indian Head Naval Surface Weapons Center
- Patuxent River Naval Air Station
- Webster Field
Transit
Maryland's major Interstate Highways include I-95, which enters the northeast portion of the state, goes through Baltimore, and becomes the Capital Beltway to the Woodow Wilson Bridge. I-68 connects the western portions of the state to Frederick, and I-70 connects Frederick with Baltimore.
Maryland's main airport is Baltimore-Washington International Airport (formerly known as Friendship Airport). The Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C. are also serviced by the other two airports in the region, Reagan National and Dulles International Airports, both in Virginia.
Amtrak Trains serve Baltimore along the Northeast Corridor. MARC trains, operated by the State's Transit Authority, connect nearby Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, and other towns.
Demographics
As of 2000, the state's population was 5,296,486.
Important Cities and Towns
- Annapolis - state capital
- For a more exhaustive list, see List of cities in Maryland
Counties
Education
Colleges and Universities
Professional sports teams
Miscellaneous information
The state bird is the Baltimore Oriole; the state flower is the black-eyed susan; state sport is jousting; state dog is the Chesapeake Bay Retriever; state fish is the rockfish (striped bass); state cat is the calico cat; and the state song is "Maryland, My Maryland." Nicknames are "The Old Line State" and "The Free State."
External links
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